Jobless Growth free essay sample

Presentation During the last hardly any downturns experienced in the USA another marvel has baffled numerous market analysts named ‘Jobless growth’. The term jobless development alludes to a circumstance when a nation is rising up out of a downturn, where its total national output increments however the joblessness rate remains the equivalent or falls behind for a few quarters without expanding following GDP development. Jobless development in the USA has frightened many, the explanation being that in the course of the last scarcely any significant downturns of 1991, 2001 and 2008, all recuperations were jobless. This is a difference to past recuperations in the USA, as since 1945-1990 monetary recuperations in the USA prompted quick work increments. In 1991-1992 recuperation , yield rose reasonably consistently, however work development stayed close to zero, for over a year, likewise in the recuperation of 2001-1003, GDP had developed each quarter at annualized rates between 1. 3 and 5. 0 percent, while finance development arrived at the midpoint of - 0. 4 percent at an annualized rate through July. We will compose a custom paper test on Jobless Growth or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the last recuperation of 2008 till now, jobless development happened indeed at a disturbing rate, the joblessness rate toward the finish of 2009 estimated 9. 6% per year into the recuperation. This marvel has additionally been of an enthusiasm to me and I point in my last task to explore the reasons for the jobless recuperations in the USA particularly in the recuperations of 2001 and 2008, as they have had crushing outcomes on joblessness and its development. Inspiration and Aims As a financial aspects understudy, macroeconomic issues, for example, joblessness are of extraordinary enthusiasm to me as they give knowledge on exercises to be learnt with respect to upholding the correct approaches to keep up suitable joblessness levels during hosing downturns, for example, the one encountered in 2008. In looking at factors for the jobless development of the USA it will likewise be helpful to inspect the encounters of other OECD countries’ joblessness inclines over a comparable period. The Two OECD nations of most intrigue are Canada and France. Being USA’s neighboring nation almost certainly, Canada will follow comparable patterns in joblessness to USA, likewise in light of open exchange between these two nations, factors that influence their joblessness is additionally liable to be comparable. There are numerous variables that could have added to jobless development in USA and the joblessness exchanges France and Canada. The principal factor or econometrically factor that I will quantify is the pace of innovative change in every one of the three nations and the impact it has on the joblessness rate. As indicated by the article ‘Fictional joblessness as an overwhelming expense of mechanical progress’ by the writers William Baumol and Edward Nathan Wolf, where the article inspected the causal impacts of the pace of innovative advancement on the frictional pace of joblessness and in this way the normal pace of joblessness in the drawn out it was reasoned that innovative advancement positively affects the joblessness rate in the long haul along these lines joblessness increased and delayed with a developing pace of mechanical advancement.

Investigating the Volume of a Drop Essay

Standards: †Planning (a) †Planning (b) †Data Collection †Data Processing and Presentation †Conclusion and assessment Laura Hu Lab Partner: Tu Tai Kuong Started January 20, 07 Completed January 27, 07 5 pages + crude information Arranging (an) and (b) Objective: To precisely gauge the volume of a drop of water and immersed salt water under two set temperatures. Speculation: Since the mass of a substance changes as the temperature transforms, we accept that the volume of a fluid would change as temperature changes. This is on the grounds that we realize that thickness is equivalent to mass partitioned by volume. Thickness is distinctive relying upon its temperature and mass is consistent. Subsequently, with a distinction in temperature, there will be a distinction in volume. The second thing we foresee is that salt water will have a littler volume for every drop than water. This is on the grounds that the thickness of salt water and the mass of salt water will be more noteworthy than ordinary water because of the additional salt in the water. This will make it heavier than normal water.. Free Variables: Forces influencing the drop all things considered going to descend (gravity and shaking of hand) Where to drop lands (may arrive on the sides of the measuring glass, making the drop adhere to the sides as opposed to dropping to the base) Water dissipation Climatic weight Dropping gadget type (distance across of where the drop will come out) Range from which the bead will be dropped (forestall sprinkling) Immersion of salt water Number of drops that will be tried Misfortune or increment in heat while leading the trial Subordinate Variables: Temperature of the fluids The kind of fluid Materials: 2 Eye Droppers 2 Thermometers 2 Graduated chambers (0.5ml augmentations) Microwave Fridge (set at 1 degree Celsius) Paper towels Immersed salt water (table salt broke down into water at room temperature until it can't break down any longer) Settle Pure Life normal spring water (filtered water) 4 Styrofoam cups 1 Methodology: 1. Set up an information table with segments named â€Å"Start volume†, â€Å"End Volume†, â€Å"Difference† and â€Å"Volume per drop†. Model: Start volume End Volume Distinction Volume per drop 2. Put filtered water two Styrofoam cups. Take one of the cups and include table salt in it. Blend it until the salt won't break up any more. Put the two cups in the ice chest. Set the cooler to 1 degree Celsius. Leave them there overnight. 3. The following day, take out the salt water and blend it again to ensure it is immersed. Put the Styrofoam cup containing the salt water into a subsequent Styrofoam cup. 4. Take an eye dropper, fill the eye dropper with salt water 5. Take the graduated chamber and position it so the finish of the eyedropper is 2cm from the base of the graduated chamber. Record the beginning volume of the fluid inside the chamber (0 cm for this situation). 6. Gradually drop 10 drops into the chamber, keeping up a 1 cm separation between the fluid and the finish of the eyedropper. Record the volume. Discard the rest of the water inside the dropper. Fill the dropper again with salt water. Drop 10 drops into the chamber. Make the most of sure to deliberately every drop! Record the end volumes. 7. Rehash stage 5 five times. 8. Wipe out the graduated chamber utilizing faucet water, and use paper towels to dry it clean. 9. Put the salt water once more into the cooler. 10. Take out the virus water (from the ice chest), put it in another Styrofoam cup and rehash what you did in sync 5-8. 11. Put the water in the microwave and warmth it at high force for 1 moment. 12. Take it out, mix the water, measure the temperature (and record it) and utilize the water to do stages 5-8 once more. 13. Take the salt water out, microwave it at high force for 1 moment. 14. Rehash what you did in sync 12 for the salt water. 15. Tidy everything up. Information Collection Connected to the rear of the lab. 2 Information Processing and Presentation Contrast = End volume †start volume Ex. End volume = 2.11ml, start volume = 2.00ml 2.11ml †2.00ml = 0.11 ml = contrast Volume per drop = Difference/10 Ex. Contrast = 0.11ml 0.11ml/10 = 0.011ml = Volume per drop Cold filtered water at 0.5+ 0.02 degrees Celsius Star Volume End Volume Contrast Volume per Drop 2.00ml 2.11ml 0.11ml 0.011 ml 2.11 ml 2.29 ml 0.18 ml 0.018 ml 2.29 ml 2.49 ml 0.20 ml 0.020 ml 2.61 ml 2.80 ml 0.19 ml 0.019 ml 2.80 ml 2.98 ml 0.18 ml 0.018 ml Normal volume per drop: (0.011+0.018+0.020+0.018)/5 = 0.0134ml Adjusted: 0.013 ml Vulnerability: + 0.02/10 = + 0.002ml Volume per drop = 0.011ml to 0.015ml Cold soaked salt water at 0.5 + 0.02 degrees Celsius Star Volume End Volume Contrast Volume per Drop 2.00 ml 2.12 ml 0.12 ml 0.012 ml 2.12 ml 2.30 ml 0.18 ml 0.018 ml 2.30 ml 2.41 ml 0.11 ml 0.011 ml 2.41 ml 2.60 ml 0.19 ml 0.019 ml 2.60 ml 2.71 ml 0.11 ml 0.011 ml Normal volume per drop: (0.012+0.018+0.011+0.019+0.011)/5 = 0.0142 ml Adjusted: 0.014 ml Vulnerability: + 0.02/10 = + 0.002ml Volume per drop = 0.012ml to 0.016ml Warm filtered water at 38 + 0.5 degrees Celsius Star Volume End Volume Contrast Volume per Drop 2.00 ml 2.11 ml 0.11 ml 0.011 ml 2.10 ml 2.30 ml 0.20 ml 0.020 ml 2.30 ml 2.45 ml 0.15 ml 0.015 ml 2.45 ml 2.60 ml 0.15 ml 0.015 ml 2.60 ml 2.81 ml 0.21 ml 0.015 ml Normal volume per drop: (0.011+0.020+0.015+0.015+0.015)/5 = 0.0152 ml 3 Adjusted: 0.015ml Vulnerability: + 0.02/10 = + 0.002ml Volume per drop = 0.013ml to 0.017ml Warm immersed salt water at 38 + 0.5 degrees Celsius Star Volume End Volume Distinction Volume per Drop 2.00 ml 2.10 ml 0.10 ml 0.010 ml 2.10 ml 2.31 ml 0.21 ml 0.021 ml 2.21 ml 2.34 ml 0.13 ml 0.013 ml 2.34 ml 2.49 ml 0.15 ml 0.015 ml 2.60 ml 2.71 ml 0.11 ml 0.011 ml Normal volume per drop: (0.010+0.021+0.013+0.015+0.011)/5 = 0.014ml Uncertainty: + 0.02/10 = + 0.002ml Volume per drop = 0.012ml to 0.016ml End and Evaluation Our analysis tried two factors (the sort of fluid and the temperature) and how they influenced the volume of a drop. From our examination, there is a slight contrast between the volume of filtered water and the volume of salt water, so along these lines it demonstrates that the volume of a drop is dependant on the sort of fluid we use. I likewise guessed that salt water would contain a littler volume for every drop than filtered water. This theory was invalidated in the trial. We found that the volume of a drop of filtered water at 0.5 degrees Celsius is 0.01ml not exactly the volume of a drop of immersed salt water at 0.5 degrees Celsius. For our analysis, we couldn’t demonstrate that temperature influenced the temperature influences the volume of a fluid in light of the fact that the volume of a drop of our filtered water expanded by 0.02ml while the volume of a drop of warm soaked salt water remained precisely the equivalent. Unexpectantly, we found that a drop of filtered water is more noteworthy in volume than a drop of salt water after they’re warmed up to 38 degrees Celsius. Every one of our information, anyway is possibly obvious IF we dismiss the arrangement of lab blunders that may have modified the outcomes. Here is the rundown of lab mistakes: Lab Errors: 1. Each drop that comes out of the eyedropper is a consequence of gravity hauling the drop of water out of the eyedropper opening. Since the power of gravity is consistent, we can expect that each drop has a similar volume, except if there was another power included. This other power is the shaking of the hand holding the eyedropper. To forestall this, we originally wanted to tape the eyedropper to a ring stand. Along these lines it would remain still with the goal that no other power aside from gravity would follow up on each individual drop. Sadly, the eyedropper was not long enough to venture far enough into the graduated chamber, in this way we held the eye dropped ourselves while dropping the fluids. Therefore, the shaking of our hand may have influenced the aftereffects of our information. 4 2. To keep fluids from sprinkling onto the sides of the graduated chamber, we chose to make each drop 1 cm over the fluid inside the chamber. This would keep each drop from making the water sprinkle excessively. 3. Since we couldn’t utilize the ring stand, the drops may have stalled out to the sides of the graduated chamber since we couldn’t ensure that the eyedropper was held vertically over the water. Regardless of whether we made sure it was vertically straight, our hands may have shook, hurling the drop with the goal that it would hit the side. 4. Water dissipation may have happened when we were playing out the lab, so before recording the information for 10 drops, there may have been a smidgen of water that had vanished so each drop is very greater than what we had recorded. 5. We are not 100 percent sure that we checked the right number of drops on the grounds that there is by all accounts a couple of preliminaries that had a surprisingly enormous volume contrasted with different preliminaries. This may have additionally been on the grounds that the water adhered to the sides of the graduated chamber descended and added to the volume of one preliminary. 6. Since the graduated chamber we utilized just went up in 0.5ml additions, we needed to appraise the 0.01ml qualities. Our information might be off by 0.01 or 0.02ml (therefore a + 0.02ml blunder). 7. Barometrical weight influences the outcomes somewhat. This is something we can't control, anyway we did the whole in a brief timeframe, so the climatic weight ought to have been to some degree the equivalent during that timeframe. 8. We couldn’t ensure that NO warmth would be lost or picked up when we took the virus water from out of the ice chest or when we removed it from the microwave. We protected the water with 2 Styrofoam cups, however even that couldn’t ensure that no warmth would be picked up or lost. Additionally, water would lose or pick up heat as we are dropping each drop, or when it is sitting in the graduated chamber

Wait List Decisions 2013

Wait List Decisions 2013 Its been nearly two weeks since the May 1 reply deadline, and I know many of you have been anxiously awaiting news about our wait list this year. During this time, weve been waiting for all our admitted students to submit their final decisions so we could figure out whether or not we could go to our wait list this year. Every year, we always plan on admitting students from the wait list. However, this year, we saw an unprecedented, record-breaking percentage of admitted students choosing to enroll at MIT (also known in admissions parlance as the yield). This year, our yield is going to be around 72-73 percent. Last year, it was 70 percent; the year before, it was 65 percent; the year before that, it was 64 percent. Unfortunately, this means that we will not be able to admit anyone off the wait list this year. This is only the second time in the last eight years that we have not been able to go to our wait list. Today, at 5pm Eastern Time, we will notify all remaining students on our wait list via email that we will not be able to offer them admission. At that point, we will consider our wait list closed and will not admit any additional students this year for the Class of 2017. Weve seen all the wonderful updates many of you have been sending in, and truly appreciate the time and effort you have put in to letting us know how much you love MIT. We thank you for your patience during this time, and we know you will have incredibly bright futures and awesome college experiences. Big virtual hugs to you all, and we wish you all the best.

Conflict Essay - 821 Words

â€Å"If you want Conflict try to change something† Conflict manifests itself into many shapes and forms. Conflict can be defined as a struggle or contest between individuals or parties for power. The struggle ultimately changes the status quo and brings about an imbalance in the existing situation. The change in the status quo could be either positive or negative. In Finding Forrester composed by Gus Van Sant, The poem, â€Å"Then and Now†, by Oodgeroo of the Tribe Noonuccal and the article on Mahatma Gandhi by Ravi Kumar we find that conflict manifests itself into Inner, Moral and Socio-economic forms, amongst others. Ben Okri, the famous Nigerian novelist states â€Å"A man’s greatest battles are the ones he fights within† In the film â€Å"Finding†¦show more content†¦William cycles to Jamal’s school to save him from losing his scholarship. This shows us that William is trying to break free from the inner conflict within him. The composer uses the high angle camera shot to show William’s struggle amongst the large masses of people at the subway. Once again this ongoing inner conflict is portrayed. This is evident that William is winning this battle and eventually something positive comes out of it. The change finally comes about when William tells the school that Jamal Wallace wrote that article. Thereby finally embracing the world over and above himself Socio-economic conflict can best be described as a disagreement between social needs of society and economic needs. This conflict is depicted in the poem â€Å"Then and Now† by Oodgeroo of the Tribe Noonuccal. In the poem a lonely man dreams of the tribe â€Å"laughing as they hunt and swim† but suddenly his dreams are shattered by the sounds of â€Å"rushing cars and hissing train’s†. As the man walks alone in the ‘teeming town’ he is astonished by the socio-economic developments that have changed his very culture and being. â€Å"I have seen corroboree, where that factory belches smoke†. This shows that the cultural heritage that existed with the Aboriginal people has been washed away with the rampant economic developments that the ‘white man’ has implemented. The poet skilfully portrays this by saying â€Å"children of natureShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Conflict And Conflict1330 Words   |  6 Pages For this paper, I chose conflict because it is present in nearly every aspect of life, it is unavoidable, and knowing how to handle it is a valuable tool which I would like to investigate. 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It affects the organization by reducing productivity, decreasing communication, poorer decision-making, decreasing cooperation, and political backstabbing (Runde Flanagan, 2008). However, if the conflict is addressed effectively, it can stimulate creativity and produce more opportunities for enhance communication, better understandingRead MoreDifference Between Conflict And Conflict1434 Words   |  6 Pagesof different ways to approach conflicts in life. As we all know encountering conflicts is part of our human nature. No matter what you will somehow come across a conflict. Sometime being involved in conflicts is out of our hands. The best we can do it deal with the conflict with a good manner. Just like how in our daily lives we experience happiness, laughter, and enjoy we also run into conflicts. So basically conflicts are part of our daily lives. Some of the conflicts people face daily are usuallyRead MoreThe Conflict And Conflict Management Strategies908 Words   |  4 PagesRobbins and Judge define conflict as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something that is cared about. There is a variety of conflicts that individuals will encounter within their lives. Knowing and understating the conflict cycle and understanding conflict management strategies will help individuals solve conflict in a reasonable manner (Robbins Judge, 2014). Discussing Contentious Issues/ Bringing Conflict into the Open When managersRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict1461 Words   |  6 PagesConflict is generally considered a typical part of human interactions and is not in itself essentially damaging. Rather, it is how conflict is managed that determines whether or not the outcomes are going to be constructive or damaging (Deutsch, 2006). Thus, conflict management, the method of managing a dispute and associated conflicts, is very important in producing satisfactory or disappointing outcomes. It is therefore vitally important to know your conflict management style, along with its

The 3 Stages of a Spiders Life Cycle

All spiders, from the tiniest jumping spider to the largest tarantula, have the same general life cycle. They mature in three stages: egg, spiderling, and adult. Though the details of each stage vary from one species to another, they are all very similar. The spider mating ritual also varies and males must approach a female carefully or he may be mistaken for prey. Even after mating, many male spiders will die though the female is very independent and will care for her eggs on her own. Despite the rumors, the majority of female spiders do not eat their mates. Egg, the Embryonic Stage After mating, female spiders store sperm until they are ready to produce eggs. The mother spider first constructs an egg sac from strong silk that is tough enough to protect her developing offspring from the elements. She then deposits her eggs inside it, fertilizing them as they emerge. A single egg sac may contain just a few eggs, or several hundred, depending on the species. Spider eggs generally take a few weeks to hatch. Some spiders in temperate regions will overwinter in the egg sac and emerge in spring. In many spider species, the mother guards the egg sac from predators until the young hatch. Other species will place the sac in a secure location and leave the eggs to their own fate. Wolf spider mothers carry the egg sac with them. When theyre ready to hatch, they will bite the sac open and free the spiderlings. Also unique to this species, the young spend as many as ten days hanging onto their mothers back. Spiderling, the Immature Stage Immature spiders, called spiderlings, resemble their parents but are considerably smaller when they first hatch from the egg sac. They immediately disperse, some by walking and others by a behavior called ballooning. Spiderlings that disperse by ballooning will climb onto a twig or other projecting object and raise their abdomens. They release threads of silk from their spinnerets, letting the silk catch the wind and carry them away. While most spiderlings travel short distances this way, some can be carried to remarkable heights and across long distances.   The spiderlings will molt repeatedly as they grow larger and theyre very vulnerable until the new exoskeleton forms completely. Most species reach adulthood after five to 10 molts. In some species, the male spiders will be fully mature as they exit the sac. Female spiders are always larger than males, so often take more time to mature. Adult, the Sexually Mature Stage When the spider reaches adulthood, it is ready to mate and begin the life cycle all over again. In general, female spiders live longer than males; males often die after mating. Spiders usually live just one to two years, though this does vary by species. Tarantulas have unusually long life spans. Some female tarantulas live 20 years or more. Tarantulas also continue molting after reaching adulthood. If the female tarantula molts after mating, she will need to mate again, because she sheds the sperm storage structure along with her exoskeleton. Resources and Further Reading Cranshaw, Whitney, and Richard Redak. Bugs Rule!: An Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton University, 2013.Evans, Arthur V. National Wildlife Federation: Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America. Sterling, 2007.Savransky, Nina, and Jennifer Suhd-Brondstatter. â€Å"Spiders: An Electronic Field Guide.† Field Biology, Brandeis University, 2006.

Saddam Hussein Free Essays

Counterterrorism refers to all the practices, tactics or methods that are being used by the government, especially the military, to combat terrorism. The basic idea behind counterterrorism is to defend the state from the occurrence of terror as well as to make offensive moves to solve the said conflict. It does not only apply on one specific organization since it could also entail other entities from various field of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Saddam Hussein or any similar topic only for you Order Now One appropriate example to this would be the situation wherein local police, firefighters and emergency medical personnel have their own plans of handling terrorism since they are the so-called â€Å"first responders† on the occurrence of the said situation. Moreover, ways that could prevent the occurrence of terrorism is also a part of the definition of what a counterterrorism is. The reason behind why I defined first what is meant by counterterrorism is for us to be able to avoid confusion regarding the definition of counterterrorism and to guide us through out this entire paper. Now, based from the given definition, it clearly states that counterterrorism is a tactic or method in order to fight and prevent terrorism. Crime fighting, on the other hand, is defined as the ways of the police, courts and corrections by which they could prevent the individuals from committing misdemeanor and violating laws and ordinances. In short, terrorism involves greater number of threatened individuals as compared to just a mere crime. Moreover, there is a more threat to the national security when terrorism is the one being considered, whereas crimes only involves fewer stakeholders and imposes less threat to the national security of the country (Kupsak, 1993, p. 1). Since counterterrorism is designed to address the issues that imposes negative effects to the national security of the country, then, crime fighting would not be enough if it would go to be used as a means of solving national scale problems. Through this, there exist government agencies that focus on answering and preventing the existence of terrorism in their designated area of responsibility like the FBI (Billy, 2007, p. 1). Due Process There is a very thick difference between the due process for a person who allegedly committed terrorism as compared to a person who’s been charged with a crime. Therefore, it is very important of the government officials to successfully identify if whether a certain act could already be considered as terrorism or a crime to facilitate the appropriate justice system for the said dilemmas. As for the due process for a person that is charged with a crime, it is stated in law that a person is entitled to exercise his right that are protected by the criminal justice system based from the due process of the model. In other words, they could still exercise the basic rights of the normal person until he/she was proven guilty with the crime that was filed to the accused (Brimelow, 2000, p. 1). Moreover, under the due process model, the individual that is arrested is still being considered innocent from the crime that is being alleged to him/her. On the other hand, regarding the due process for those individuals who allegedly committed terrorism, based from the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001, those persons who are being suspected by the government to be a terrorist would be subject to surveillance and almost all of the personal information of the alleged person should be disclose to the government to check the â€Å"credibility† of the person. In short, most of the human rights of the alleged terrorist would be violated especially the right to have privacy (Trandahl, 2001, p. 14). All of the sensitive information of the person would be put into study and subject to be monitored. Moreover, if the terrorist is a country, the US government could declare a war whenever they want depending on the decision of the US Congress regarding this matter since they are the one who has the power to pronounce war. Implications When a terrorist is characterized as an enemy, basically the rights of the terrorists are already being taken into consideration and it is up to the Executives of the government on what to do on the terrorist. There are a lot of instances wherein terrorists are being detained for a long period of time in places not suitable to serve as a detention area, like camps or military headquarters without undergoing to court’s decision. The president of the United States or any person from various department of the government has enough mandates make its decision regarding the terrorist’s condition especially during the times of armed wars and other forms of wars wherein the â€Å"terrorists† plays a major role in the said war. Moreover, when a terrorist is considered an enemy, it is just tantamount to having war especially if there involves another country in the case. For example, in the case of Iraq and US, due to the possible terrorisms that Saddam Hussein could impose not only in US but also to its neighboring nations and the numerous cases of terrorisms that occurred in US which Saddam Hussein allegedly served as the master mind are the grounds to force United States to declared war against the Iraqi government. When a person is tagged as an enemy, it would mean that that person is of great threat for the country being concerned. On the other hand, if a terrorist is can be characterized as a mere criminal, then, he/she could undergo a court proceedings which somehow allow the â€Å"terrorist† to exercise his/her right until he/she is proven guilty. Moreover, the degree of the punishment, as compared to when a terrorist is considered to be an enemy, is lesser since basic human rights of the accused person are still being taken into consideration in determining the penalty that will be imposed to the accused person. REFERENCES Billy, J. (2007). Counterterrorism. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. fbi. gov/terrorinfo/counterrorism/waronterrorhome. htm Brimelow, P. (2000). The Death of Due Process. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. vdare. com/pb/death_of_due_process. htm Kupsak, G. (1993). Crime Fighting Cooperation. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. lib. niu. edu/ipo/1993/im931109. html Trandahl, J. (2001). H. R. 3162. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. epic. org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162. pdf How to cite Saddam Hussein, Papers Saddam Hussein Free Essays Very few political leaders of the modern world can stand up to a comparison with Nazi Germany’s Hitler. Saddam Hussein was one who certainly didn’t have to try too hard. Considering the painful beginnings he has had, Saddam Hussein had gone a long way in proving himself as a leader the world will not forget soon. We will write a custom essay sample on Saddam Hussein or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hussein had his strengths, convictions and the will to win, all of which worked in his selfish favor. However, contained in these very traits were his veiled weaknesses which ultimately led to his unceremonious ending. One may need a comprehensive overview of Saddam Hussein’s personality traits to render an understanding of what thrived underneath all his brutalities. The dark contours of Saddam’s temperament were etched before he was born on April 28, 1937, to his recently widowed mother, who was too distraught to be keen on having him. Spending his early years under the charge on his maternal uncle, Khyrallah, and later his mother and an abusive step-father, Saddam clearly did not have a conventional childhood, a fact that had a far reaching impact on his mental constitution. He grew up with a distorted self-esteem, which crippled his capacity for empathy with others and produced what has been described psychologically as ‘the wounded self’, a condition which, in Saddam’s case, let to strive for compensatory grandiosity, a steely resolve to never subject himself under a superior force (Post 2003, 2). Saddam’s was often referred to as the ‘mad man of the Middle-East’ equating him to a lunatic battling with psychotic disorders. However, according to Jerrold Post, there is no evidence that he had any such ailments. Rather, Saddam was a rational calculator who often miscalculates (Post 2003, 6). He was not an impulsive actor but rather was judicious and patient. All his inhuman actions then become all the more horrifying for they are results of delicate deliberation and planning. Saddam had a natural inclination for traumatizing his surroundings, from which he drew thrill and satisfaction. Saddam’s obsession with violence was the most terrifying side to his multi-faceted personality (Thomas 02). This obsession with violence certainly did not command accolades from his own people, many of whom have suffered untold miseries under his tyranny. Saddam’s personality traits adhere to the makings of what is called malignant narcissism (Post 2003, 6). He strived to exalt his personality by making Iraq an extension of his being. Also, to give him the religious sanctity that was essential to win over Islamic extremists, Saddam ordered Iraq’s genealogists to create a family line that links him to Fatima, the daughter of the prophet Mohammed (Thomas 02). He had elevated himself to the level that level of holiness where many religious minded people wouldn’t dare question his integrity and actions. Saddam had no constraints of conscience whatsoever. No question of morality ever crept into his mind as he went executing his ‘enemies’. Saddam also had an inherent unconstrained aggression, which he uses as an instrument to attain his goals. Force and violence were his only trusted weapons, and he never wavered to employ them. Saddam Hussein was also seen to have a strong paranoid orientation (Post 2003, 7). He always saw himself as surrounded by enemies for no good reason. Completely oblivious of his role in creating his own enemies, Saddam righteously eliminated his targets. This paranoia illustrates itself even in his conduct of foreign affairs, which let him to believe that Israel, The US and Iran have been in league with the purpose of eliminating him. Adding to these traits, Saddam was also burdened with certain vanities, which invariably would drive him to destructive behaviour. Underneath the vicious and terrifying persona, there was a side of him that was vulnerable and extremely egoistic. It is this political personality assemblage such as insatiable ambition for unlimited power, lack of conscience, unconstrained aggression, a paranoid outlook and obsession for violence which made Saddam the man the world loathed. It is also these very traits that sowed the seeds of his failure. How to cite Saddam Hussein, Papers

Global Transfer Pricing Management Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Global Transfer Pricing for Management Accounting. Answer: Introduction: The term transfer pricing is the method of selling the product from one department or from one subsidiary to another within the same company. It has an affect over the behaviour of the purchase of the subsidiaries (Accounting tools, 2016). When it comes to the setting of the minimum price to be charged from the other department of the same entity, it is always better to consider the same form the point of view of the department that is selling the product. The minimum price that should be charged is the following: Marginal cost + opportunity cost. The opportunity cost is the value of the value of the next best alternative that is left out when a particular course of action has been undertaken. Suppose if the division cleaning and scrapping was to sell its product Cruden in the outside market, then it would have earned the profit of $ 65 (95-18-12-30 (40*75%) -5) but it is selling Cruden to the processing division at $77 which may not be profitable for the entity when the entire profits are being combined. But in case, processing department purchases Cruden from outside market, then the company in total would earn the profit of $70. The following are the workings for the same: If sold within the company In case, Cleaning and scrapping sells in the outside market If sold at cost Particulars Cleaning and scrapping division Processing division Cleaning and scrapping division Processing division Cleaning and scrapping division Processing division Transfer pricing from Cleaning and scrapping 77.00 95.00 60.00 Direct material 18.00 5.00 18.00 5.00 18.00 5.00 Direct labour 12.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 Manufacturing overhead 30.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 Selling 5.00 Total costs 60.00 107.00 65.00 125.00 60.00 90.00 Selling price 77.00 160.00 95.00 160.00 60.00 160.00 Profit from the department 17.00 53.00 30.00 35.00 - 70.00 Profit of the company (combined) 70.00 65.00 70.00 Less: fixed costs 10 10 10 Profit of the company (combined) 60.00 55.00 60.00 Though the profit amount under the case 1 and 3 comes out to be the same, but the most reasonable way of exchanging the products within the departments is the selling them at cost plus mark up since the department is foregoing some value if it is selling the product to the other department within the same company (Acca global, 2016). Plus, the transfer price is calculated at the variable cost that has been incurred by the department since the fixed cost is fixed in nature and they would be incurred no matter what. This fixed cost portion would now become the variable cost for the other department (Processing division in the given case) since the profits derived from each of the department would be combined. Since, the fixed cost of one division becomes the variable cost of the other, the division performance based on the transfer price is not right. References: Accountingtools.com. (2016).Transfer Pricing - AccountingTools. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/transfer-pricing [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. https://www.accaglobal.com, A. (2016).Transfer pricing | F5 Performance Management | ACCA Qualification | Students | ACCA Global | ACCA Global. [online] Accaglobal.com. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f5/technical-articles/trans-pricing.html [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016].

Lifestyle theory free essay sample

Introduction The chance of a women being raped, in most cases, has a high correlation with their lifestyle they choose to live. The lifestyle exposure theory can help explain the probability of a rape occurring. Where a women lives, the time of day she choose to travel, the type of transportation she uses, her economic statues, if she has any family obligation, and what type of societal and cultural constraints that are imposed on her all effect the type of lifestyle she lives. In turn affects how and what type of potential offenders she will come into contact with. Victimization Type There is a word in our vocabulary that can elicit an emotional and defensive stand in almost all people in our society- the word is rape. By just reading the word most people feel some type of negative reaction whether it is: disgust, embarrassment, fear, repulsion, concern for the victim, hatred for the offender, or all of these or more. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifestyle theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How is the word rape definite? In January of this year the DOJ changed the definition of rape- â€Å"The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.†, that is used in the UCR (UCR Part I Offenses), which was categorized as â€Å"forcible rape† and had remand unchanged since 1929 and excluded victims of anal/oral sex, rape with an object, male rape and statutory rape (Shields). To a wider, more inclusive definition with the title of â€Å"rape† to show that all forms of rape could be considered under this definition-â€Å"The penetration, no matter how slight of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, without the consent of the victim.† (Attorney General). With the change in the definition that law enforcement used to define rape there was a shift from the type of violence and aggression that just included women and ignored males and a number of other aspects to situations where it wasn’t a gender specific crime and the penalties for rape were on similar punishment scale. The crime of rape is still a very women dominated on the victim side and males being the offenders. There are three different categories of rape: stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and marital rape. Stranger rape is thought to be the most common but in all actuality acquaintance rape is the most prevalent followed by marital raped-which for the longest time wasn’t considered rape-than stranger rape is the least prevalent. For the purpose of this paper I am going to focus more on the category of stranger rape  (Roberson and Wallace). Rape is considered to be a stranger rape when the offender is unknown to the woman. Any type of rape is detestable and the repercussions of the crime are similar despite whether it was someone the woman knew or not. It is thought that the victims of stranger rape recover from the emotional, mental, and physical affects more quickly than those victims of martial and acquaintance rape, because victims of stranger rape usually don’t have to go through the feelings of betrayal and loss of trust from a person they knew (Definition of Stranger Rape). Theory Lifestyle-exposure theory more commonly known as Lifestyle theory was developed in 1978 by Michael Hindelang, Michael Gottfredson, and James Garofalo when they published a book titled: Victims of Personal Crime: An Emprical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization. Through the research for this book it was found that in a person’s victimization they can play a more suitable target for an offender. With the development of this theory it opened new doors in the world of victimology by suggesting that choices a victim makes in their every life and dealings with others can either increase their chances at being victimized or it can decrease their chances (Hindelang, Gottfredson, Garofalo). These scholars helped shift the focus more fully on the victim and less on the offender by stating that victims could be held in some part responsible for their victimization just by the lifestyle characteristics they posses. Through earlier theorists and the typologies they used it help refine victimization research in that it was noted that being victimized wasn’t a completely random, out of the blue, type of event it was previously thought to be; but a big down fall, so to speak, was that these older theories tended to viewed as blaming the victim for them being victimized and not placing adequate blame on the offender. With the emergence of the lifestyle theory it pushed the past the bad karma of victim blaming and gave a better understanding of what type of relationships and or associations the victim had to the offender and vise versa in view of what their lifestyles were and the location of where the victimization took place (McGrath). So a big question is how would one define a lifestyle? Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garofalo defined a lifestyle, for the purpose of this theory, as â€Å"†¦as daily activities and leisure activities in which individuals participate on a routine basis†. It  also includes the choices a person makes on their own freewill and those â€Å"imposed on by constraints†, such as societal structures and or cultural expectations. The main point of the lifestyle theory that Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garofalo were making is that the more lifestyles a person places themselves in or are involved in they are also placing themselves in a closer range for potential offenders, which in turn makes them a more suitable target to be victimized (Hindelang, Gottfredson, Garofalo). To expand on some of these lifestyle constraints the first that comes to mind is the societal expectation that are made of a person’s behavior. The different roles a person has in society shapes what kind of lifestyle is expected of them to live in many ways. With the majority of crime and criminal behaviors happening on a street level and usually after dark it’s expected that the people that stayed home at night, like new parents, are at a far less likelihood to be victimized than say someone that works all day and decides to unwind by going out late at night to party it up at a bar. That kind of person is less likely to be victimized if they don’t fall into the category of being young-under the age of 25, single, and male but women who fall into this category are more likely to a victim of a sexual crime. It’s thought the younger single people are somewhat less likely to have employment or part time employment so they are freer to go different places they choose at all times of the day or night, whereas, an older single person usually has more responsibilities such as full time employment and other bills to worry about but are still more likely to be victimized than new parents because they don’t have the big responsibility on kids (Robinson). Secondly, other lifestyle constraints that can influence a person’s chosen lifestyle is their economic status, their education level, and if they any family obligations. These types of constraints on a person’s lifestyle can influence what that person can do with their money, the type or quality of job they can qualify for, and what situation family obligations can put them in. a person that has a low SES is far more likely to live in the inner city, ghetto neighborhoods, where crime rates are higher and so forth, whereas, a person with a higher SES can afford to live farther out of the city, gated communities, and could possibly afford a security system for their property. In conjunction with a person’s economic status their education level plays a similar role in that the higher their  education level it’s thought the better the job they will have, which in turn can influence where they live. With family obligations the constraint aspect can go either way, such as, if a person is needed to pick up another job this will keep that person out of the house for longer periods of time and in closer proximity to potential offenders. Whereas, a person is needed at the house to be a caretaker to someone is off the streets and further out of the equation of crime (Robinson). Another aspect of a person’s economic situation is their subcultural and structural constraints. These can fit into how well a person handle things around them getting worse that aren’t in their full control-like a failing economy and they lose their job. Each individual person deals with that type of stressor in different ways-one could seek physical workout as a stress reliever and works on looking for a new job in positive, acceptable ways; another could slip into depression and start to self medicate with drugs and alcohol to push the feelings of pain and failure away and without a job they have no way of supporting their habit so they turn to criminal behaviors to support the new habit; where another could just fall into a deep depression and never want to get out of bed so their responsibilities fall to another person. In either situation the person chooses, mainly, where the put themselves on scale of being victimized (Theoretical Perspective). Since lifestyle theory is purposed towards being crime specific a person’s location can play a major role in their victimization risk being either high or low-meaning that a person’s risk level will vary depending on the type of crime. For instance, a student decides to study at the library instead of at their apartment- it’s fairly safe to say that a person would feel the library is a safe place to be when one is looking at criminal activity such as murder but when it comes to looking at the criminal activity of personal thefts it’s not such a safe place. An unattended backpack, laptop, and/or textbooks become very attractive items to steal very quickly (McGrath). A final aspect of lifestyle theory, which is mentioned by Garofalo, is time. Depending on what time it is during the day or night a person’s lifestyle choices or constraints can influence what type, if any, crime they could be exposed to. For instance, if a person doesn’t have their own vehicle that usually leaves them with limited options-one being public transportation, such as the bus. Taking the bus during the day is statistically less dangerous, fewer crime  opportunities, than it would after six in the evening. This is because the atmosphere changes, so to speak. During the day there are more people going to and from work and running errands, whereas, in the evenings more people are off work and alcohol and drugs can become factored in which is favorable to increase a person’s likelihood of victimization (Garofarlo, 1987). Applied When evaluating stranger rape and how to best predict the occurrence of this crime the victimology theory that would help best describe it, is Lifestyle Theory. In breaking down the events that lead up to a rape, particularly stranger rape, there is something appealing about the victim at ignites an offender to act, the victim’s lifestyle. Lifestyle theory goes into very specific details on how a victim’s chosen lifestyle makes them more or less attractive to an offender. Those resembling: where they live, inner city or rural; what societal roles are expected of them; the persons age and relationship status; their economic situations, poor middle class or wealthy; their education level which can be influenced by their economic status; if they have family obligation, if any; structural constraints, loss of a job; the places they choose to visit; the time of day they travel; and the type of transportation they use, bus vs. having their own vehicle. There are many myths about rape, such as, that women want to be raped, they like it rough and hard, how a woman dresses is saying they are asking for sex. None of these myths have any footing in this theory analysis or any other that is concerned with victimology. When a young, single women routinely travels late at night and is known to live alone specially when she is farther in the city- her lifestyle by choice or constraint makes her far more appealing target for the crime of rape, whereas, a young, single woman that travels before six in the evening, has her own vehicle and lives with a bunch of other people is not an appealing target. It’s similar with a young, single woman that likes to go out and party it up at the bar with drugs and alcohol- her target suitability is far greater than that of a woman that like to party but does it at friend’s house where there isn’t any drugs and limited alcohol. In reality every choice a woman makes in her everyday life will influence what, if any, type of potential offender she will attract to her- especially in cases of rape. Conclusion Lifestyle theory helped open new ways of understanding criminal victimization specially in being more crime specific which in a help in the crime of rape. It moved past the daunting section in victimology history of victim blaming and into the understanding that victimization isn’t a completely random act but one that could reasonably predict potential indicators of what could lead up to a person being victimized particularly in the crime of rape. Every decision people make in their lives, such as, time they travel, how they travel, where they live, their education level, family obligation, societal expectation, and cultural constrains- will bring them closer to potential offenders or put them farther away.

History or Japanese textiles essays

History or Japanese textiles essays The oldest extant Japanese textiles date from the Nara Period (710-785AD) and impressions of cords have been found on earthenware pots from the Jomon period of Japanese History (10,000-300 BC). Apart from these examples, very little is known of Japanese textiles prior to the 8th Century. However, Japanese textiles were strongly influenced by Chinese and Korean textiles from their inception and we can follow the evolution of Japanese textiles by studying the history of early Chinese and Korean textiles. The textile industry in China and Korea dates back to around 5000BC with woven textiles found in archaeological sites from this period. The raising of silk worms in captivity (sericulture) became widespread around 4000BC. The traditional use of textiles in these countries was for clothing, furnishings and ceremonial purposes such as alter clothes and ceremonial robes. The main fibres used for textiles in the China/Korea region were hemp, ramie, cotton and silk. The Chinese followed strict codes of dress according to classes and introduced strict sumptuary laws to enforce these codes. These laws dictated what fabrics, colours and designs should be worn by different classes of people. Royalty wore mostly silk and clothes decorated with embroidery. Commoners wore hemp, ramie and course cotton clothing. Tapestry, the use of weft threads that do not extend across the entire width of a piece of fabric but individual colours used in discrete areas, was introduced during the Sang Dynasty (960-1279 AD). Japanese textiles throughout the ages The oldest textiles in Japan can be found in a collection at the Shoshoin Temple in Nara, the ancient capital of Japan, near modern day Kyoto. These probably come from China and Korea because they were produced on a draw loom and it is not believed that the Japanese wove used draw looms in the 8th Century. Among this collection of textiles can be found Nishiki which is a textile with a ...

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Argument - Essay Example Nuclear power is the world’s best and first answer to the problem of the exhaustion of resources. Above that it is ecologically clean when used properly. Besides that atomic energy serves for military purposes as a nuclear weapon of mass destruction. Despite the fact of its massive ability to destroy everything living it is the political mechanism of the future which guarantees world peace and logical avoidance of any local conflicts on the theoretical basis of nuclear deterrence and mutual asserted destruction (Edwards, 2013). Opponents of the nuclear energy and its military usage ignore the benefits and fear the danger of nuclear holocaust and worldwide ecological catastrophe in the future if nuclear power will continue to exist. They say that benefits don’t exceed the harm and it is better to continue injuring nature slowly thought fossil fuel energy than put it in jeopardy of probable total annihilation with atomics energy. More than that ecological harm from the atomic accidents not only overcomes the usual pollution but bring whole generations of unproductive land, humans and animals with diseases and low immune system all because of the radioactive pollution. Above that they state that nuclear weapon in the hands of government that behave in a rough way is not a responsible way to treat such serious issue due to the political corruption and instability that so often shows itself. They state that political differences and dissidence of countries which possess nuclear weapon can lead to the nuc lear war which will annihilate and destroy the planet. Same opponents say that slow harm to the nature by the non-nuclear energy plants is better than the probability of total devastation. The also point out that disastrous events such as Chernobyl and Fukushima are the examples that prove people’s inability to treat atomic energy with responsibility and that it can lead to further even more disastrous nuclear

Apple Strategic Managment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple Strategic Managment - Case Study Example With declining stock values, Apple has planned to introduce a lower-priced iPhone that will effectively compete in the smartphone market and rejuvenate the once giant of the iPhone industry (Apple Inc). This paper aims at evaluating the business and market aspects of the lower cost iPhone with respect to the target price, the target manufacturing cost, and the estimated gross profit.Since Apple used over USD 150 million in designing and manufacturing the iPhone 5, the lower cost iPhone will not incorporate most of the smartphone apps that the iPhone 5 uses. For example, the lower cost phone will run on a simple Android system with internet settings operating under the EDGE network. These will significantly reduce the initial manufacturing cost to just about USD 40 million with the first batch producing over 300,000 units of the iPhone. This will mean that the manufacturing cost of each unit of the lower cost iPhone will be USD 217, which means that every unit of the lower cost iPhone sold will fetch in a gross of USD 133 (United States Securities and Exchange Commission).Estimated gross profitFrom the figures above, it is clear that Apple will target an annual sale of USD 105 billion. Since gross profit is obtained by subtracting the cost of sales from the net sales, the estimated gross profit for the lower cost iPhone will be USD 65 billion. This strategic iPhone will definitely revive the declining profit margin in Apple’s iPhone market as well as stabilize its stock market (Apple Inc).

Examine The Distinctions Between Theories Of International Relations Politics Essay

Examine The Distinctions Between Theories Of International Relations Politics Essay Critically examine the distinctions between explanatory and constitutive theories of international relations, illustrating your argument with insights from a variety of theoretical perspectives The distinction between explanatory and constitutive theory is a contested issue that has emerged as a result of the contemporary way of framing issues in International Relations. I will argue that this is an ambiguous and superficial distinction that when pressed to categorise theoretical concepts requires an oversimplification and carries a danger of negligence. I then offer an alternative categorisation; that put forward by Robert Cox ( 1981): problem-solving and critical theory. I conclude by arguing that the act of categorising in itself is highly problematic. Explanatory theory views the world as something external to our theories, indentifying a number of key factors and then predicting a range of outcomes on the basis of a few important causal factors. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.28) In contrast, constitutive theory argues that our theories help construct our world and that we cannot separate subject and object as a causal relationship; but instead theory and practice are embedded. The epistemology of explanatory theory is positivist, arguing that we can have authentic value- free knowledge based upon sense experience and methodologically using empirical data to produce universal conditionals. (Baylis et al., 2008, p.177) Constitutive theory rejects this epistemological and methodological approach, arguing that human knowledge is not based on neutral foundations, but rather upon human conjectures. Instead, constitutive theory is concerned with the study of how norms, rules and ideas are constituted in social objects; preferring to study from a meta-theoretical perspective. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.29) Realism, an orthodox theory, is regarded as a classic example of explanatory theory. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.28) Realism claims that politics and society are governed by objective laws based upon a fixed conception of human nature. (Morgenthau, 1967) The Realist conception of human nature has its roots in the Hobbesian man; a creature of self-preservation, countless appetites and desires; when added to the anarchical state of nature the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. (Hobbes, 2008, p.84) This image of man is then extrapolated into the state and world order, giving Realism a rational outline that concludes that states are by nature power maximizers. (Rosenberg, 2001, p.17) This concept of power imposes intellectual discipline upon the observer, infuses rational order into the subject matter of politics (Morgenthau, 1967) and produces the idealistic  [1]  conception of a balance of power. Overall, Realism advocates a broad positivist scientific epistemolog y by a determinate causal relation between the object and subject i.e. the fixed objective nature of man into a subjective social power relation between states. Another orthodox explanatory theory is said to be Liberalism, which sets out a common positivist epistemology and ontological emphasis on human nature. The Liberal perspective accepts the Realist ontology of human nature and state-centricity, but differs by emphasising the rational qualities of individuals and a faith in the progress of social life. Despite the fixed conception of human nature, man is able to cooperate and construct a peaceful society. (Russett, 2007, p.96) Although not denying the international system is anarchical, there is a disagreement as to what this means and why it matters. (Baldwin, 1993, p.4) Liberalism has a belief in democratic governments, economic interdependence and international law and institutions, in a series of feedback loops each factor strengthening the other and leading to a self-perpetuating peaceful system. (Russett, 2007, p.107) In a sense Liberalism breaks from away from the Realist conception of man, to a more central role of rational indi viduals cooperating and constructing a peaceful society. Once more Liberalism applies a positivist methodology by relating the agency of human nature as the ontological basis and predicting structural power relations between states. So far I have focused upon two generalised orthodox theories and argued that both categorise neatly within the explanatory bracket. However, when moving to the third paradigm of International Relations theory Marxism we find that the distinctions become obscure and potentially misleading if operated negligently. Marxisms methodology operates on a dual basis of dialectical and historical materialism; if taken separately I believe Marxism can wrongly be defined as explanatory theory, whereas, taken in its correct dual sense Marxism bridges the gap between explanatory and constitutive theories. Firstly, dialectical materialism is a theory of struggle and must be understood as in direct opposition to idealism. Contrary to the orthodox theories, dialectics does not regard nature as an accidental agglomeration of things, independent and isolated such as the ontological basis of power and human nature but a connected and integrated whole, in which things are organically interdependent. The dialectical methodology is holistic and therefore holds that we cannot understand the phenomena in nature, if isolated from surrounding phenomena. Contrary to orthodox theory, human nature is not in a state of rest, fixed and immobile, but in a state of continuous movement and change. This dialectical approach has important implications for the way in which Marxism studies social life, removing it from a simple object and subject split, whilst also distinguishing its methodology from orthodox theory. As Marx himself put it, as soon as this active life-process is described, history ceases to be a collection of dead facts as it is with the empiricists. (Marx Engels, 1970, p.48) Nevertheless, Marxism still retains an element of explanatory quality, as dialectical materialism envisages a process of development; where qualitative changes occur not gradually, but rapidly and abruptly, leaping from one state to another; not accidently, but as a natural result of gradual quantitative changes in the unfolding of contradictions inherent in nature. (Stalin, 1938) This dialectical process results in Marxist methodology to scientifically predict the eventual downfall of capitalism to a higher stage of communism. The mistake often made with Marxism is to highlight the objective factors as primarily driving revolutionary change. Instead, by incorporating a reading of Marxist historical materialism, we begin to understand that objective factors inevitably give rise to revolts and not revolution; i.e. objectively the stock market will crash due to the structure of capitalism, giving rise to a subjective revolt. By incorporating historical materialism, Marxism focuses on the subjective factors alive within an epoch of history and seeks to measure the factors for revolution and the factors against; objective factors can include unintentional structures of exploitation and alienation; giving rise to subjective necessity to find a job, or join a union. It is this dialectical interrelation of object and subject that informs the Marxist methodology. Contrary to explanatory theory, which asserts that theory can be separate from practice, and that value-free knowledge is possible due to our sensations, ideas and perceptions; Marxist materialism holds that matter is primary, since it is the source of our ideas, and that our theory is derivative, a reflection of matter and practice. One cannot separate the thought from matter which thinks. Matter is the subject of all changes. (Marx, 2001, p.167) Whatever the material conditions of life of a society, such are the ideas and theories about them it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness. (Marx, 2001, p.425) In summation, Marxism has scientific qualities and foundational epistemology similar to explanatory theory; yet, by its break towards a more holistic methodology and historical materialist ontology, marks a nascent stage of constitutive theory. The Marxist ideological hypothesis marks a transition towards Post theoretical concepts. Post-structuralism claims that interpretation is void of any objectivity and as such political leaders, social activists, scholars and students all actively engage in a interpretation of the world that is ideological. Post-structuralism attacks the Realist foundational approach, highlighting how state-centric ontology results in predetermined practice; i.e. balance of power emerges as Realism marks a border between inside/outside, sovereign/anarchic, us/them (Campbell, 2007, p.216) and post-structuralism is concerned with how this inside and outside relation is mutually composed. Post-structuralism argues that these interpretations are made from a particular ideological vantage point and hence representation cannot be abstracted from our identities; therefore post-structuralism is concerned with the discourse of identity politics. (Campbell, 2007, pp.214-16) Post-structuralism is essentially conc erned with the deconstruction of truth claims; for example, Realism, Liberalism and Marxism all have a normative position and therefore claim to have uncovered some fundamental truth about the world. (Baylis et al., 2008, p.185) Overall, post-structuralism has a devastating critique and deconstruction of the normative element of traditional theories. However, I would argue that this meta-theoretical critique is useful in retrospect, yet, pacifying and un-politicizing by an failure to change the concrete conditions of society; otherwise contradicting its anti-normative perspective. The distinctions between explanatory and constitutive appear to be problematic and I believe this due to the construction of explanatory theory using a framework of Realist ontology, epistemology and methodology. This forces a superficial distinction to be drawn in the shape of constitutive theory, which directly opposes Realism. Yet, when placing Marxism and to a degree Liberalism within these inflexible categories, an element of overlap is necessary. Instead, using Robert Coxs more flexible categorisation; problem-solving and critical theory helps to show clearly the points of departure and encourage reflection on the process of theorising itself; i.e. to achieve a perspective on perspectives. (Cox, 1981, p.88) Realism and Liberalism would be defined as problem-solving theory due to its negation of the prevailing social and power relationships, as well as institutions and economic structure. The second category is critical theory, it is critical because it refuses to except the exi sting order as a non-historical occurrence, but question how that order came about and how it is maintained. (Cox, 1981, pp.88-89) Overall, the problem-solving and critical distinctions offer more flexibility and clarity between theoretical perspectives. Nevertheless, the distinctions made are on a normative basis and subsequently complicate the positioning of post theoretical perspectives. To conclude, I would argue that the distinctions of Explanatory and Constitutive theory are highly problematic since the act of categorisation, in itself, leads to the creation of new discourses that can dangerously disregard important underpinnings of major theories. As Marx once famously recalled if this is Marxism, then I am not a Marxist (Engels, 1890) and Foucaults effort to escape any fixed identity through his writings, (Gutting, 2005, p.10) illustrates the discomfort of categorisation as practice in political theory.

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought

Early colonist came to American for a variety of reasons, from religious freedom to dreams of getting rich. In this analysis we will look at the vision of two colonies and how the different colony visions led to the colony creation, and the differences between them. The New England community was so strong and so supportive in comparison to that of the settlers in Jamestown, Chesapeake Bay, that it is no wonder they developed into two distinctly different cultures before the year 1700. The Chesapeake region developed into a land of plantations and money-driven owners with a very small middle class, and those in poverty creating the population.New England, on the other hand, had developed into a religion and family based society comprised of mostly middle class families by 1700. Looking at the terrain, government, and the people themselves, reveals clues about how the drastic split in society came to be. While residing in England, the Puritans and faithful Catholics faced persecution, which led to their immigration to the New World. Many groups and parishes applied for charters to America and, led by their priest, the Pilgrims and Puritans made the long voyage to North America. Their religion became a unique element in the New England colonies by 1700.Before landing, the groups settled on agreements, signing laws and pacts to ensure a community effort towards survival when they came to shore, and while settling in New England. Their strong sense of community and faith in God led them to develop a hardworking society by year 1700. Their towns were well organized, with the church being the basis of everyone's daily life, and they wanted to establish equality and have everyone working together in harmony. Family was an important part of the Puritan religion, so their ships came with twenty-two men and twenty-one women, so there was stability.They learned useful farming techniques from the Native Americans, and farming was their prime source of the economy. The Purit an work ethic kept people from working for extreme material gain. The Puritans were hard workers who had goal for a religiously purified town. Not everyone in England was facing harsh persecution and many travelers came to the New World with high hopes of fame and gold, which led to numerous conflicts. It was a land for the rich to get richer. The people that were assigned to the ships destined for Jamestown (Chesapeake Region) came without their families and their ages ranged from old to young, but mainly oung men. The men outnumbered the women six to one. This caused the society to be more chaotic because there were many broken families and a mad rush for the few women. The settlers in the Chesapeake region main goal were to get rich, or to gain new land and find gold. According to John Smith, all the people could do was live for gold; it was their only purpose. The Chesapeake Bay settlers had to endure the harshness of their new environment. The climate was not favorable and near ly half of the people died because of exposure to diseases or starvation.Those that were lucky and survived these hardships were left to fight with the local Indians. Dis-organized and unable to find mountains of gold, large tobacco plantations were started and farming was taken up by the settlers. These business men were not use to being agricultural farmers. This was why things were so difficult before John Smith took lead of the colony with his â€Å"You don’t work, you don’t eat† mentality. People were not accustomed to hard work and physical labor, and the colony was dying slow. As a result of the hardships the first importation of slavery began in the colonies.At first indentured servants were being used to work the fields, but they were far less exploited than the slaves. Indentured servants worked for the person who paid their way to the Colony until the depths were paid off, but soon their services were less useful and slaves were being imported in mass ive numbers. The colonial planters were making money and gaining large profits off of free labor. The development of the two cultures may also have been the result of the terrain the groups occupied. In the Chesapeake region, the colonists settled on swampy marshland that was hard to defend and even more difficult to survive in.With so many people dying from disease and starvation, and the extreme shortage of marriageable women, the population grew slowly, if at all. Families were more groups of mangy children half related, from different fathers. Frequent death made unnatural family life a common thing. In the New England colonies, the people chose flat, manageable ground that left them with easy to plow fields. The soil and religious beliefs were ideal for subsistence farming, which meant small, manageable farms that would provide for a family of eight to ten. Since the farmers looked only to feed themselves, there was little, if any, need for extra abor; having most, if not all, workers available inside their own family. The moderate climate made disease a rarity in the colony, and death even more so. The balanced family life and food supply meant more able-minded colonists. Society had a patriarchal structure of man before woman and woman before child. Children themselves skipped over a childhood and were treated as adults at a very early age. They were expected to obey their parents and keep faith in the church. All these elements together led to Northern prosperity and growth. The land itself was important, more so was how it became used for profit.This â€Å"land is money† belief was a unique attribute of the region by 1700. The motive for profit also helped to develop society in the Chesapeake region. The Chesapeake men discovered tobacco and began a fierce production of it from their plantations. Since tobacco depleted the soil rapidly, new land was always a must. To acquire this land, wealthy owners paid for servants to be brought over and wor k the fields. Each was given a land grant of fifty acres, which was not worth all that much. However, the men were bringing over ten, twenty, maybe even thirty servants to work in the tobacco fields.Thirty men at fifty acres a piece add up to a lot of land, so the land owners started to bring in slavery and more black people to work their fields. Instead of growing tobacco, New England farmers were most likely to produce barley or corn, which helped them stay well fed during long winter months. They were more concerned with the survival of their families than the profit they could make from the rich soil, so the food was not sold for a profit. Rather, the colony became self-supporting in the issue of food. With food taken care of, the New England colonies were left to import stoves, tea, and spices, among other things.Since they only needed to grow food to support their own family as subsistence farmers, New England farmers rarely had any more than their original acreage. This creat ed a more equal reality for all owners, comfortable or struggling. The differences between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies led to separate societies by the time of the 1700's. Agriculture, motive, people, religion, and terrain are all factors that affected how they grew apart. However, it is also through the actions of the men and woman who settled in the regions, and the choices they made, that led to the development of these two colonies.

Major Component Agencies of the Dhs Essay

This paper will discuss what are the major component agencies of DHS and their primary functions. Major Component Agencies of the DHS Major agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) are; The Directorate for National Protection and Programs, The Science and Technology Directorate, The Office of Health Affairs, The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), U. S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), The Office of Investigations, The Office of Detention and Removal Operations, The Federal Protective Service, The Office of Intelligence, The Office of Intelligence and Analysis, The Office of Operations Coordination, The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, The Transportation Administration (TSA), The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), The Citizenship and Immigration Services, The Coast Guard, and The Secret Service. Their Primary Functions The Directorate for National Protection and Programs has five divisions that work to advance the DHS’s risk-reduction mission. The primary development and research arm of the department belongs to the Science and Technology Directorate. The Office of Health Affairs coordinates all medical activities to ensure appropriate preparation for the response to incidents having medical significance. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) manages federal response and recovery efforts following any national incident, administers the National Flood Insurance Program, and prepares the nation for hazards. The CBP prevents terrorists and their weapons from entering the United States. They are responsible for protecting U. S. borders, while simultaneously facilitating the flow of legitimate trade and travel. The largest investigative arm of DHS is ICE. They are responsible for identifying and shutting down vulnerabilities both in the nation’s borders and in economic, infrastructure security, and transportation. The Office of Investigations investigates a wide range of international and domestic activities that violate customs laws and immigration and threatens national security. The department who is ensures the departure from the United States of all illegal aliens through the fair enforcement of the nation’s immigration laws is the Office of Detention and Removal Operations. The Federal Protective Service is responsible for securing, ensuring a safe environment, and policing in which federal agencies can conduct their business at more than 8,800 federal facilities nationwide. Collecting, analyzing, and disseminating strategic and tactical intelligence data belongs to the Office of Intelligence. The Office of Intelligence and Analysis is responsible for using information and intelligence from multiple sources to identify and assess current and future threats to the U. S. The responsibility for monitoring the security of the U. S. on a daily basis and coordinating activities within the department and with governors, law enforcement partners, DHS advisors, and critical infrastructure operators in all fifty states and more than fifty major urban areas nationwide falls under the Office of Operations Coordination. The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office works to enhance the nuclear detection efforts of federal, tribal, states, territorial, and local governments and the private sector and to ensure a coordinated response to such threats. This department protects the nation’s transportation systems. In addition, agents also inspect air carrier operations to the United States, fly air marshal missions, assess security of airports overseas, and training overseas security personnel is TSA. The FLETC provides career–long training to law enforcement professionals to help them fulfill their responsibilities safely and proficiently. The Citizenship and Immigration Services is responsible for the administration of immigration and naturalization adjudication functions and the establishment of immigration service’s policies and priorities. This department is also consider a military department, which protects the public, the environment, and U. S. economic interests in the nation’s ports, along the coast, on international waters, on its waterways, or in any maritime region as required to support national security. Finally, we have the Secret Service who protects the president and other high-level officials and investigates counterfeiting and other financial crimes, identity theft, computer fraud, including financial institution fraud, and computer-based attacks on our nation’s financial, banking, and telecommunications infrastructure. Final Thoughts The Department of Homeland Security was activated in January 2003 from the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to help combat terrorism after the September 11 attacks on the United States. An outline is provided of what happened when the DHS was formed. Our lives in the United States as we knew it, has forever been changed since 9-1-1. We still have a long way to go to become more aware and secure, but it is not impossible. There are still many loopholes to tackle, red tape to cut, and the lack of proper equipment and training which still needs to be addressed on a continuous basis. On March 1, 2003, the DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service and assumed its duties. By doing this, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: ICE and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Creation of DHS, n.d.). References Creation-department-homeland-security, n.d. Retrieved on 1215/2012 from http://www.dhs.gov/creation-department-homeland-security Peak, K. J., 2012. Policing America challenges and best practices. Retrieved on 12/15/2012 from Chapter Two, Pages 44-48.

Gender Roles And Its Characters Essay - 1435 Words

The story of Zootopia and its characters connect to audience members in several different ways. The first way is through the issue of gender roles and how they are pushed onto children. A gender role is society’s idea of which behaviors are appropriate or desired for men and women. These qualities have always been pressed onto young children but this films teaches girls and boys to defy these traditional roles. Usually the traits that coincide with masculinity are strong, active, logical, etc. and the qualities that are described as feminine are weak, passive, and emotional (Linkletter). Most people think that gender roles are biological, when in fact, they are not and they can have a major impact on children. The deputy director for the University of Warwick’s Centre for the Study of Women and Gender, Maria do Mar Pereira, observed teenagers in Portugal and then questioned their ideas about being feminine and masculine. Many girls stated that even if they liked physic al activities, like sports, they would avoid participating in them at school or around boys. They feared that this would cause them to look unfeminine or be ridiculed for looking funny. The teenage boys said that they felt the need to constantly participate in â€Å"everyday low level violence† by physically fighting with other boys. They also felt like they needed to consume unhealthy amount of alcohol to demonstrate their manliness (Culp-Ressler). Many people have these same ideas planted into their minds,Show MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Female Characters1479 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the eras, literature has mirrored the social changes taking place in English society specifically in regards to gender roles of female characters. The Elizabethan era, which lasted from 1558 to 1603, is often referred to as the golden age by historians where many transitions in English society regarding marriage and gender took place (Ivic 110). 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