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Pollution- A Chemical Change - 659 Words

Pollution Pollution is the chemical change in the structure of biological creatures and the components of environment that would lead to imbalance the nature. Pollutants can be any solid materials, liquids, gases or microbes. There are so many picture of pollution such as: Air, noise, water, soil, radioactive, light and visual pollutions etc. The phenomenon is a serious environmental disaster that has a lot of causes and effects on every field of the human’s life, its dangers could not be understood so far. On one hand, there are diverse sources of pollution and of course they are responsible for the widespread of diseases and epidemics. All such causes of pollution are manmade that are considered the most fatal and disastrous cause of any environmental pollution. He invents, manufactures and uses, does a lot of industrial expansions, and technological advancements. Misusing of resources causes the disaster. As a result, the environment needs the person who loves and cares for. Firstly, air is the essential source of life. Any creature can survive without only for a few minutes, therefore it must be pure, clean and breathable. Air pollution means presence of harmful substances which harm health of the human in both the short and the long term. The environment, which we live in, can be polluted by garbage, radioactive waste, biological weapons and poisonous gases. The problem of air pollution occurred after the Second World War. Oil, gas and the mass extension in theShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Pollution721 Words   |  3 Pagesare affected by pollution. Cancer, disease, and kidney failure are just some of the rapidly increasing effects. Pollution is a growing concern that is gradually changing the way the environment and ecosystem function. With thousands of foreign and natural contaminants being pumped into the environment every day, serious action will need to be taken to reverse the life-threatening effects of pollution. Although, some could argue that pollution is mostly caused by natural chemicals; the number oneRead MoreAquatic Ecology : The Science Of Ecology1555 Words   |  7 Pagesobtain energy and food. Sunlight is the primary source of energy used by organisms on the earth s surface. There are two types of organisms, autotrophs, and heterotrophs. Autotrophs can produce their food from their surroundings using light, or chemical energy and heterotrophs do not produce their food and are dependent on other organisms for food. Organisms living in aquatic ecosystems are dependent on the resources of their environment. A large range of plants, animals, microorganisms and evenRead MoreEffects Of Plastic Pollution On Our Oceans1593 Words   |  7 Pagesoceans and freshwater as well as marine life. Plastic pollution effects not only the ocean and its’ marine life, but humans as well and not just in the United States, but everywhere. 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As time progressed the technological advancements that were made in the 19th and 20th centuriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesBackground and Analysis Air pollution is the infiltration of chemicals or toxic molecules into the atmosphere. In the global context many countries including China, the United States, Mexico, and others are haunted by pollution in the air. However each has a certain degree of air pollution different from the other. Air pollution kills animals and plants by intoxicating our bodies with harmful bacteria and chemicals. Unless our bodies become immune or we learn to clear the pollution earth s ecosystem willRead MoreResearch Essay On Global Pollution1172 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Essay on Global Pollution The global pollution is one of the major hazards human civilization is confronted with at present. 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There are three main types of pollution that can have a negative effect on horticulture; Air pollution water pollution soil pollution the first challenge that commercialRead MoreWater Pollution Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesAs the earth is heating due to global warming caused by pollution, the temperatures are rising and creating a shift in the water environment, slowly damaging the earth. As this continues, more birds are getting stuck in six pack plastic rings, turtles are getting straws stuck up their nose, and more penguins are getting oil stuck in their feathers. The looks of the atrocious scenes shown above, have created a worsening economy for the tourism industry, â€Å"polluted rivers are marrying the reputation

Real Estate Property Rights and Contracts Law

Question: Discuss about the Real Estate Property Rights and Contracts Law. Answer: Firstly, it is important to distinguish and define Trimms lease with respect to whether it is a licence, licence with interest or a lease. The owner of a licence does not have the right of exclusive possession and this is the main distinguishing feature between a lease and licence (Sharlene 2017d, p.28). Accordingly, proprietary rights do not arise with respect to licences while they arise in the case of leases. As such, while a lease holder has protective interests under the Property Law Act, a licence holder does not (Sharlene 2017e, p.29). Leases exceeding 3 years must be registered according to the provisions of ss. 61, 181 and 182 of the Land Titles Act 1994 and such registration creates a legal estate. S.11 of the Property Law Act provides that such leases must be registered. With respect to the two-year option, Trimms lease agreement can include the said option in writing within an options clause. Where a purchaser of land accepts title with the knowledge of certain defect thereon, it is presumed in some cases that such purchaser waives his right to good title. Accordingly, where the encumbrance on vacant possession goes to the title, then the purchasers acceptance of title may be considered as a waiver of right of vacant possession (Re Gloag Millers Contract 1883). Trimms lease is an example of such an encumbrance with contractual protection. Although the case of Isaacs v Maguire (1888) held that mere acceptance of title does not constitute a waiver of the right to vacant possession, acceptance of the lease foe Sky is an express term of contract. Since Sky already accepted the contractual condition of Trimms lease, the company is bound by the same. There are limited options available to Sky. The first option is the effluxion of time (Sharlene 2017d, p.3). The second option for Sky is through surrender by agreement. This is where Trimm agrees to give up his interest in the land through registration under s.69 of the Land Title Act. The other means of terminating Trimms lease is by repudiation of the lease by Trimm and accepted by Sky. The option available to Sky is negotiating with Trimm for him to terminate the lease under s.130, 131 and 137 of the Property Law Act (PLA) by issuance of notice in prescribed form. The other option available to Sky is carefully reviewing the lease to determine whether there are any breaches that warrant termination. The next step would be serving Form 7 under the PLA for Trimm to remedy the breach (Property Law Act 1974, s.124). Failure to remedy the breach within a reasonable time entitles Sky to service of an unequivocal demand for possession on Trimm (Sharlene 2017d, p.14). Available Options for Avoiding Purchase of Jacksons Lot The REIQ Contract for Houses and Residential Land, clause 7.4 (3) (a), extends disclosure duties upon the vendor with respect to contaminated land under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (EPA). S.421 (2) of the EPA requires the vendor to notify a purchaser of the land being on the contaminated land register. Non-compliance with the above pre-contract disclosure obligations by the vendor entitles the vendor to rescission. Section 421 (3) of the EPA provides for rescission up to possession or completion, whichever comes first. In the case of Turrisi Properties P/L v LJ BJ Investments P/L (2010), it was held that a vendor may not waive the disclosure requirements. Furthermore, a seller cannot contract themselves out of the requirements for disclosure by virtue of s.421 (5) of the EPA. The REIQ Contract for Houses and Residential Land vendor disclosure provisions are further aimed at land that has not yet come to the EPAs administering authoritys attention (EPA 1994, s.374). Under cl. 7.4(3)(a)(i) of the Houses and Land Contract all outstanding obligations must be communicated by the vendor at the date of the contract to notify the authority of any activity on the land. Breach of contractual warranties by Jackson entitles Sky to termination of the contract in writing. Therefore, Sky has the legal right to terminate or avoid the contract with Jacksons Lot. Delaying Settlement of Marshners Lot The legal purpose of a deposit is essentially guaranteeing or securing the completion of the purchase (Queensland conveyancing law commentary 2009). It also acts as part payment of the purchase price, provided the contract is completed. In the case of Soper v Arnold (1889, p.435), Lord Justice McNaughton stated that the deposit guarantees that the purchaser means business. The deposit enables the vendor to take, from the market, the property and be concerned with other offers as was held in the case of Brien v Dwyer (1979, p.131). Accordingly, Sky is obligated by law to pay the deposit. However, the special condition of $100,000 presents a difference in the law. In the case of Iannello Anor v Sharpe (2007), the purchaser was required to pay a 5% deposit upon exchange. A special condition required payment of a further 5%. The purchaser defaulted in paying the further amount upon the exchange and the vendor terminated the contract. The Court of Appeal of New South Wales held that the court must look at the character of the payment and the obligation of making it. A normal deposit demonstrates the buyers commitment. In that case, the Court rejected the second payment as being illustrative of commitment. The buyer was, therefore, under no obligation to pay. Using the preceding argument, Sky is not obligated to pay the further $100,000 required by Marshner. It is of importance to mention the REIQ contract of sale with respect to deposit. Under that contract, the deposit is payable upon signing of the contract according to clause 3 (1) of the REIQ Contract Commercial Land and Buildings. Failure by the Buyer to pay the deposit entitles the Seller either terminating or affirming the contract. Clause 3.3 provides that the rights to termination or affirmation are in addition to other legal or equitable rights. The deposit should not exceed ten percent of the purchase price and if it does, that becomes an instalment contract. To the extent that Barrys advertisements were unequivocal statements by which Barry intended to be binding if any party to whom it is made accepts, he made a valid offer. A valid offer indicates the offerors intention of entering into a contract that is binding with the offeree on particular terms (Sharlene 2017a, p.22). The case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1892) found that an offer can be made to the whole world. The general rule is that advertisements are usually construed to be invitations to treat (Partridge v Crittenden 1968). However, there are exceptions to the rule where advertisements are considered as offers, as in the Carlill case, where money set aside in aside in a prominent bank demonstrated sincerity. The requirement of signing, form filling and returning by post demonstrates sincerity. It also indicates a specified counter promise and specific act. Therefore, Barry made a valid offer. Whether Paul, Helen and Woodys Responses Constituted a Valid Acceptance Acceptance occurs when the offeree communicates to the offeror his acceptance of the terms of the offer (Sharlene 2017a, p.22). Of importance, also, for there to be an acceptance, the timing and method of acceptance must conform to the offerees requirements. Although Paul communicated his acceptance, it was not according to the requirements. Furthermore, he made a counter-offer instead of accepting the one offered by Barry. As such, Pauls response does not constitute a valid acceptance. Helens response constitutes a valid acceptance for the following reasons. Firstly, she communicated her acceptance and secondly, she did it according to Barrys requirement via Post. In cases where offers are acceptable via post, the Postal Acceptance rule applies. According to the rule acceptance happens on the date of posting the letter as opposed to its arrival date. Hence, Helens response constitutes a valid acceptance. Woodys response does not constitute a valid acceptance for the reason that he expressly rejects Barrys offer and makes a counter offer instead. This is notwithstanding the timely and correct method of responding to the offer by Barry. Whether Helen Validly Terminated the Contract under Special Condition One of the legal ways of terminating a contract is by a trigger clause. This is a specific contractual provision regarding the right of termination by a party to the contract (Sharlene 2017c, p.9). Under the special condition, the right would only be exercisable if communicated within 14 days. Helen communicated past the time stipulated under the special condition. Hence, Helens termination does not constitute a valid termination. The major justifications for legal termination of a contract are in cases where there is a breach of terms, mistake, fraud misrepresentation, performance, agreement, frustration, trigger clause or contractual term (Sharlene 2017c, p.6). With respect to the preceding justifications, there is no legal justification upon which Helens termination was based. The Buyers solicitors failure to provide timely advice was not part of the agreement and as such cannot be invoked as a defence. The Type of Consideration and whether it is Valid The type of consideration featuring here is past consideration. As a general rule, past consideration does not constitute valid consideration (Sharlene 2017b, p.16). This was the position in the cases of Roscorla v Thomas (1842) and Anderson v Glass (1868). The kind of relationship intended from the facts in the scenario is a contractual one. For Jane to succeed in her claim, she must demonstrate that all the elements of a valid contract were present: intention, capacity, offer, acceptance and consideration. From the fact pattern, all the preceding elements were present. There was an intention to create an agreement which was followed by an offer, accepted by Jane and then the promise of consideration. Hence, Jane would succeed in her claim for breach of contract. References Anderson v Glass (1868) 5 WW AB L 152 G Brien v Dwyer (1979) 53 ALJR 123 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1892) 1 QB 256 Iannello Anor v Sharpe (2007) 69 NSWLR 452 Isaacs v Maguire (1888) 14 VLR 815 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204 Re Gloag Millers Contract (1883) 23 ChD 320 Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234 Soper v Arnold (1889) 14 AC 429 Turrisi Properties P/L v LJ BJ Investments P/L [2010] QSC 325 Queensland conveyancing law commentary 2009, the document, CCH Australia Limited, Contract for Sale, North Ryde. Scharlene, N 2017a, Introduction to Contract Law (Part 1), Lecture notes distributed in Real Estate Property Rights class SSUD-106 Scharlene, N 2017d, Leases, Lecture notes distributed in Real Estate Property Rights class SSUD-106

Minstrel Shows and Hip-Hop the Degradation free essay sample

Minstrel Shows and Hip-Hop the Degradation of the African American Culture For the y2k generation, Hip-Hop Music has been the center of popularity and interest. In the late 1800’s Minstrel shows served the same purpose. Throughout the various generations music and theatre have had a large impact throughout the community. However this impact is not always positive. What was originated as positive became negative very quickly. The minstrel show, which was originally intended to be harmless entertainment for the masses, came to be viewed as a form of propaganda that degraded and dehumanized African Americans; similarly, today’s hip-hop serves the same purpose by glorifying bigotry and degradation. Webster’s Dictionary defines a Minstrel as â€Å"any of a troupe of performers typically giving a program of black American melodies, jokes, and impersonations and usually wearing blackface,†[i] Thomas D. Rice is believed to be the first Minstrelsy in blackface.Rice modeled his minstrel after an older disfigured black man entertaining himself with song and dance wearing unkempt clothing. We will write a custom essay sample on Minstrel Shows and Hip-Hop the Degradation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His most popular minstrel was â€Å"Jump Jim Crow. † Jump Jim Crow became the first popular minstrel song, but in reality it was a mockery of African Americans and an exploitation of their culture. Unlike Rice’s sole contribution to the origins of the minstrel show, Hip Hop has had many contributors: DJ Kool Herc, Keith †Cowboy† Wiggins, Grandmaster Flash and the Fabulous Five, Chuck D and Public Enemy, and Run DMC are some of the most remarkable contributors. These men are most remarkable because at the rise of the Hip Hop movement, Hip Hop was not centered around violence, drugs, weapons, and sex as people like to think. It was just mere entertainment or a political message with songs like â€Å"Rappers Delight† (see Figure 1) and â€Å"Fight the Power. † (see Figure 2) Davy D of Davyd. com tells us that: â€Å"Hip Hop is an art form that includes deejaying [cuttin ; scartchin] emceeing/rappin. breakdancing and grafitti art. These art forms as we know them today originated in the South Bronx section of New York City around the mid 1970s.Hip Hop has thrived within the subculture of Black and Puerto Rican communities in New York and is now just recently beginning to enjoy widespread exposure. From a sociological perspective, Hip Hop has been one of the main contributing factors that helped curtail gang violence due to the fact that many adults found it preferable to channel their anger and aggressions into these art forms which eventually became the ultimate expression of ones self. †[ii] Hip Hop is not only a type of music, but it is a cultural movement that was developed in the early 70’s. Beginning in the Bronx, Hip Hop culture has been contagious throughout the world.